步行距离、港铁出行意愿与站域范围的关联研究

如何确定轨道站影响范围（站域）是研究轨道与城市空间问题的基础,该问题涉及居民步行距离与轨道乘坐意愿的关系。距离是影响人们步行出行的重要因素,影响公共基础设施的服务范围。目前针对步行距离因素如何影响居民轨道通勤出行意愿的定量研究尚少,这种局面对于定量理解轨道站的影响范围（站域）非常不利。基于725栋香港居住建筑轨道通勤出行意愿调查结果的研究,运用了指数距离衰减模型对香港居民步行距离和轨道乘坐意愿进行关联分析,通过比对不同距离区间衰减系数‘β’的变化趋势,分析了真实步行距离如何影响港铁通勤出行的意愿和距离阈值空间。步行距离阈值范围的研究为分级确定轨道站影响区域提供了定量的依据;使用绕路系数指标可以评价站域空间结构,并为轨道站周边空间的建设与整合提供量化依据。     

桃花岛面源污染示范工程的汇处理系统设计

汉阳地区桃花岛示范工程的汇处理系统是为了净化源处理系统所收集的雨水和道路排水。汇处理系统的设计包括人工湿地系统设计和多塘系统设计。人工湿地设为2组,其中,水平潜流人工湿地处理水量为560 m3/d,面积为4 500 m2;复合潜流人工湿地处理水量为700 m3/d,面积为5 200 m2。系统出水水质达到《再生水回用于景观水体的水质标准(CJ/T95—2000)》。     

A review of catchment management in the new context of drinking water safety plans

By managing a catchment effectively, the range and amount of contaminants entering waters used for public water supply can be reduced, with resultant benefits for both water companies and consumers. Consequently, catchment management is increasingly being recognised as being at the heart of the water environment. An overview of current and previous catchment management initiatives is given, along with the European Landscape Convention, which could be used as a vehicle for the implementation of a national catchment management strategy. The adoption of the drinking water safety plan approach is strongly advocated by the World Health Organisation, and effective catchment management underpins this approach. Effective management of our catchments will also make a significant contribution to meeting our obligations under the Water Framework Directive, by helping to address the serious issue of diffuse pollution from agriculture.     

吉林珲春小西南岔地区重砂金矿物的找矿指示意义

吉林小西南岔地区珲春河流域砂金广泛分布,有残坡积、洪积、河谷砂矿和阶地砂矿,以河谷砂矿工业意义最大,砂金资源对寻找区内的岩金矿床具有很好的指示意义.根据收集到的小西南岔地区928件重砂数据,提取金矿物颗粒数、总质量、最大颗粒粒径、平均质量等参数,结合汇水盆地分布提取成矿预测参数.根据重砂金矿物质量、颗粒、粒径大小、平均质量等特征分布变化趋势,追索矿源母体,最终为寻找岩金矿床提供依据,为研究区内金矿资源的进一步勘查评价提供有利信息.     

流域水电开发公司的企业战略管理

“厂网分开、竞价上网”使流域水电开发公司面临激烈竞争,要在竞争中生存和发展,就要研究制定企业战略任务、目标和战略计划并组织实施。结合新疆开都河流域水电开发情况对流域水电开发公司的企业战略问题进行了探讨。     

Analysis of catchment evapotranspiration at different scales using bottom-up and top-down approaches

Physically-based hydrological models are used to predict catchment water balance through detailed simulation of hydrological processes at small temporal and spatial scales. However, annual catchment water balance can also be easily and simply predicted using lumped conceptual model. Comparison between physically-based hydrological models and lumped conceptual models can help us understand the dominant factors on catchment water balance at different scales. In this paper, a distributed physically-based hydrological model (i.e., bottom-up approach) and a simple water-energy balance model (i.e., top-down approach) are used to predict actual evapotranspiration in nine sub-catchments, and the whole basin of the Luan River in northern China. Both simulations give very close values of annual evapotranspiration and show the same complementary relationship between actual and potential evapotranspiration at annual time scale. From the analysis at different time scales through comparison of the top-down and the bottom-up methods, it is shown that the annual catchment evapotranspiration is controlled mainly by annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, and the variability of soil water and vegetation becomes more important at a smaller time scale in the study areas. It is also known that the relationship between potential and actual evapotranspiration shows a highly nonlinear relationship at the annual and catchment scale but can be simplified to a linear relationship at hourly temporal and hillslope scales, which is commonly used in the physically-based hydrological models.     

两种钯合金网在硝酸催化网中捕集铂的比较

钯合金可在氨氧化反应中捕集铂,对某硝酸厂使用PdNi合金网和双功效铂催化剂(DEC)功能网捕集铂的效果进行了对比,并对捕集机理进行了分析。结果表明,DEC功能网比PdNi合金网的铂耗低26%,保持机组稳定运行、做好氨空气净化、及时更换催化剂等措施有利于降低铂耗。     

Human‐influenced streamflow during extreme drought: identifying driving forces,modifiers, and impacts in an urbanized catchment in central Poland

This study investigates the response of the streamflow to an extremely hot and dry summer 2015 in the urbanized catchment of the Utrata River in central Poland. The objectives were to: reveal changes in the flow regime, assess anomalies in summer river flows, estimate the natural and wastewater effluent contribution and provide an ecological context for the in‐stream conditions. The mean annual flow rate in the period 1996–2015 increased by 0.61 m³/s as compared to 1951–1970. The mean annual wastewater inflow rate to the river in 2015 was approximately 0.770 m³/s, constituting 39% of the observed flow. Almost the entire period of August this contribution approached 100%. The optimum river water temperature threshold for warm‐water fish species was exceeded. Streamflow modifications are attributed to an increase of wastewater discharge, urban impact through an increase in imperviousness, and the variability of climatic driving forces.     

岩体基坑地下室抗浮问题的分析

结合几个岩体基坑地下室的工程实例,阐述了岩体基坑中地下水的来源、汇水面积及汇水速度等影响抗浮承载力的主要因素和参数,分析了地下结构局部、整体抗浮和施工、使用过程中抗浮存在的问题,提出了影响抗浮承载力的参数取值、计算方法,以及保证施工和使用过程中抗浮承载力的技术措施.     

汉江上游降水与径流变化趋势研究

采用Mann-Kendall法和线性回归分析方法对汉江上游降水及丹江口水库天然入库径流变化趋势进行了分析,结果均表明汉江上游降水和丹江口水库天然入库径流在1991年发生突变,1991年后汉江水量由丰变枯;但年降水与径流的长期变化趋势均不显著,即汉江流域20世纪90年代持续枯水事件只是其径流丰枯交替的一个枯水期。依据预测的2030水平年汉江上游地区耗水量,分析了丹江口水库入库径流,结果表明,丹江口水库2030水平年入库径流为356.3亿m³ ,仍有向外供水的能力。